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Image: MIT Christine Tsien Silvers |
Her recent guest post on Philip Greenspun's blog says:
Let's be honest: leaving clinical medicine had crossed my mind before ? for example, at Hour 24 of pained wakefulness during Emergency Medicine (EM) Residency at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital. Later, while working in the community, I would sometimes sigh, proud and privileged to be able to help patients, yet nostalgic for less harried work. Those belligerent types yelling profanities, or the guy tired of waiting five hours and promising to sue everyone, those towering chart piles of could-be-critical yet still waiting-to-be-seen patients, the hallways littered with ticking-time-bomb, semi-stable admitted patients awaiting inpatient rooms... such moments, unfortunately not infrequent, definitely gave me pause.
Five-digit medical malpractice insurance premiums also meant that for my first twentysome per diem shifts each year, I was paying to treat patients. My independent consultant work in my MIT dissertation area of "multivariate trend analysis," such as used in developing improved patient monitors, in stark contrast was not only rewarding but also accommodating?teleconferences could be scheduled between school drop-off and pickup, for example. Moreover, nobody was pressuring me to sacrifice my desire to be thorough in order to be faster...as my maternity leave too rapidly drew to a close, I felt increasingly convinced that perhaps I should hang up my stethoscope.
Unfortunately, practitioners turning their backs on medicine leave us wondering what will happen to the nation's medical field in a time when America is already behind in science. Reuters reported that "national studies show that at the elementary level, science is barely being taught" especially when compared to English and Math.?
And we're all left wondering, "Who will take care of us when we are injured or ill?"
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WASHINGTON ? In a stunning public rebuke, four members of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission sat next to the panel's embattled chairman, Gregory Jaczko, on Wednesday and told Congress he was an intimidating bully whose actions could compromise the nation's nuclear safety.
Jaczko denied wrongdoing but said he has suggested the five commissioners talk to a "trusted third party" to improve communications.
The hearing before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee at times seemed more like a soap opera than an oversight session on nuclear power. Several lawmakers said they had trouble believing what they were hearing ? or even that the session was called at all.
"I feel like I'm sitting here trying to referee a fight," said Rep. Elijah Cummings, D-Md., the committee's senior Democrat. "I haven't done that since my kids were tiny."
Noting that Congress has a low approval rating, Cummings said, "Congress isn't functioning very well at all. So I don't want to sit here and tell you how to conduct your business."
The commissioners ? two Democrats and two Republicans ? said Jaczko, a Democrat, is responsible for an increasingly tense and unsettled work environment at the NRC. The four commissioners sent a letter to the White House in October expressing "grave concern" about Jaczko' s actions.
The commissioners told Congress the women at the NRC felt particularly intimidated by Jaczko. Commissioner William Magwood told the oversight panel that Jaczko had bullied and belittled at least three female staff members, one of whom told Magwood she was "humiliated" by what Magwood called a "raging verbal assault."
Kristine Svinicki, the commission's only woman, told committee investigators that she was so uncomfortable around Jaczko that she asked her chief of staff to "keep watch" over a private meeting with the chairman in Svinicki's office.
Asked about the incident Wednesday, Jaczko said, "I'm very passionate about safety, and all the things that I do at the agency are directed towards doing what I think is the right thing for safety."
Pressed, Jaczko said he went to Svinicki's office "to speak with her about a letter, I believe." At one point, he said, Svinicki "became concerned, and as I recall I simply motioned. I said, `Let's just sit down, let's just calm down and let's just work through it.' We continued to discuss it, and then at some point I left."
Asked if he had ever apologized for that incident or any of other incidents described at the hearing, Jaczko said he was hearing many of the allegations for the first time ? despite an inspector general's report on his behavior in June and a letter from fellow commissioners sent to him and the White House in October.
"Certainly if there's ever been a time when I have made someone feel uncomfortable, I always like to know so that I can take whatever action is necessary to remedy that," Jaczko said.
Magwood, a Democrat, disputed a claim by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., that the allegations against Jaczko were politically motivated. Jaczko worked for Reid before joining the NRC, and Reid's strong support for Jaczko is considered crucial in keeping his job.
Reid is the leading congressional opponent of a planned nuclear waste dump at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. Jaczko has made a series of decisions over the past two years that have aided the Obama administration's goal of shutting down Yucca Mountain.
Rep. Dennis Ross, D-Fla., said the situation reminded him of the movie "The Caine Mutiny," in which Humphrey Bogart's character was put on trial by his own crew members.
"So, I mean, it begs the question, Capt. ? I mean, Chairman ? Jaczko. How has the voyage been so far?" Ross asked.
Jaczko apologized for the distraction that had been created and said he looked forward to discussing ways "to improve communication and trust."
Even so, Jaczko denied that he has bullied and intimidated staff members and said he has no plans to step down.
Under fierce questioning from the House panel, Jaczko refused to name a single thing he had done wrong in his 2 1/2-year tenure as NRC chair.
"I have no plans to resign, because I continue to believe under my leadership the agency has performed very well," Jaczko said. "We have committed ourselves to safety, and I believe my record shows that."
Commissioner William Ostendorff said the issue was not Yucca Mountain or party politics, but Jaczko's "bullying and intimidation" of NRC staffers and even some commissioners, which Ostendorff said "should not and cannot be tolerated."
Ostendorff, a Republican, said he had "lost faith" in Jaczko's ability to lead the commission.
Jaczko acknowledged having a heated conversation with a senior NRC manager about the agency's response to Japan's nuclear crisis last spring.
"I often engaged my colleagues in discussions about safety and that's been my style," Jaczko said.
Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, said Jaczko should resign. "You're telling me they are all wrong and you are right," he told Jaczko. "That to me is a lack of leadership."
Rep. Raul Labrador, R-Idaho, said he found Jaczko's answers hard to believe. "I've never seen such self-deluded behavior by any individual probably in my whole life," he said.
"It is clear from your statements and your actions that you believe your judgment and your passion surpasses the four (other commissioners) combined," Labrador said
White House Chief of Staff Bill Daley said this week that problems at the NRC stem from the commission's "strong chairman" structure, in which the leader of the five-member panel has far greater powers than the remaining four commissioners.
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Follow Matthew Daly's energy coverage at http://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC
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Researchers from the University of Georgia and the Mayo Clinic in Arizona have developed a vaccine that dramatically reduces tumors in a mouse model that mimics 90 percent of human breast and pancreatic cancer cases?including those that are resistant to common treatments.
The vaccine, described this week in the early edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveals a promising new strategy for treating cancers that share the same distinct carbohydrate signature, including ovarian and colorectal cancers.
"This vaccine elicits a very strong immune response," said study co-senior author Geert-Jan Boons, Franklin Professor of Chemistry and a researcher in the UGA Cancer Center and its Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. "It activates all three components of the immune system to reduce tumor size by an average of 80 percent."
When cells become cancerous, the sugars on their surface proteins undergo distinct changes that set them apart from healthy cells. For decades, scientists have tried to enable the immune system to recognize those differences to destroy cancer cells rather than normal cells. But since cancer cells originate within the body, the immune system generally doesn't recognize them as foreign and therefore doesn't mount an attack.
The researchers used unique mice developed by Sandra Gendler, Grohne Professor of Therapeutics for Cancer Research at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona and co-senior author on the study. Like humans, the mice develop tumors that overexpress a protein known as MUC1 on the surface of their cells. The tumor-associated MUC1 protein is adorned with a distinctive, shorter, set of carbohydrates that set it apart from healthy cells.
"This is the first time that a vaccine has been developed that trains the immune system to distinguish and kill cancer cells based on their different sugar structures on proteins such as MUC1," Gendler said. "We are especially excited about the fact that MUC1 was recently recognized by the National Cancer Institute as one of the three most important tumor proteins for vaccine development."
Gendler pointed out that MUC1 is found on more than 70 percent of all cancers that kill. Many cancers, such as breast, pancreatic, ovarian and multiple myeloma, express MUC1 with the shorter carbohydrate in more than 90 percent of cases.
She explained that when cancer occurs, the architecture of the cell changes and MUC1 is produced at high levels, promoting tumor formation. A vaccine directed against MUC1 has tremendous potential, Gendler said, as a preventative for recurrence or as a prophylactic in patients at high risk for particular cancers. A vaccine also can be used together with standard therapy such as chemotherapy in cancers that cannot be cured by surgery, such as pancreatic cancer.
Boons noted that MUC1 is also overexpressed in 90 percent of the subset of patients who are not responsive to hormonal therapy, such as Tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, or the drug Herceptin. These so-called "triple-negative" tumors are extremely aggressive and difficult to treat, Boons said, and a new treatment option is urgently needed.
"In the U.S. alone, there are 35,000 patients diagnosed every year whose tumors are triple-negative," Boons said. "So we might have a therapy for a large group of patients for which there is currently no drug therapy aside from chemotherapy."
Therapeutic vaccines received renewed attention last year when the Food and Drug Administration approved the first cancer treatment vaccine, a drug known as Provenge that is used to treat metastatic prostate cancer. Treatment with the drug, which is manufactured in Georgia, requires clinicians to isolate immune cells from the patient and then to send the cells to a lab, where they are linked to a protein that stimulates the immune system. The cells are returned to the patient's treating physician, who then infuses the drug over three treatments, usually two weeks apart.
Boons' vaccine, on the other hand, is much simpler. It is fully synthetic, meaning that its components can be manufactured in a lab with assembly-line precision. The vaccine consists of three components?an immune system booster known as an adjuvant, a component that triggers the production of the immune system's T-helper cells, and a carbohydrate-linked peptide molecule that directs the immune response to cells bearing MUC1 proteins with truncated carbohydrates.
Biotechnology is a key industry in Georgia, and this year Boons founded an Athens-based company, known as Viamune, to help develop and commercialize the vaccine and the technologies used to create it. The company is one of nearly 30 that are affiliated with the University's BioBusiness Center, which is an incubator for life sciences start-up companies associated with UGA.
"Companies like these have the potential to create stable, high-paying jobs that have a significant social and economic impact," said Stefan Schulze, associate director of the Georgia BioBusiness Center. He noted that Viamune was a one four finalists selected from 40 companies at an investor's forum hosted this year by the non-profit organization Southeast BIO.
Boons, Gendler and their colleagues are currently testing the vaccine's effectiveness against human cancer cells in culture and are planning to assess its toxicity. If all goes well, they anticipate that phase I clinical trials to test the safety of the vaccine could begin by late 2013.
The vaccine represents nearly a decade of work on the part of Boons and his team. A 2007 study demonstrated the vaccine's effectiveness in another mouse model, and Boons is cautiously optimistic about his most recent results. Although promising results in mice often don't translate to humans, Boons said he is confident that vaccines that target the specific carbohydrate signatures of cancer cells will ultimately play an important role in the treatment of the disease.
"We are beginning to have therapies that can teach our immune system to fight what is uniquely found in cancer cells," Boons said. "When combined with early diagnosis, the hope is that one day cancer will become a manageable disease."
###
University of Georgia: http://www.uga.edu
Thanks to University of Georgia for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/115942/Scientists_develop_vaccine_that_attacks_breast_cancer_in_mice
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Accuvant looked at three browsers for its study: Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Internet Explorer. All three were tested and examined running in 32-bit Windows 7, and the research was wrapped up in July of 2011, so the current release versions of each browser at that time were the ones included in the report. Accuvant says they left out other browsers, like Safari and Opera, to save time, but they do plan to update their findings on the big three as more data becomes available and each development house improves on their application.
Accuvant's study of browser security is probably the most comprehensive performed to date, even though other browsers and OSes weren't included. The researchers will be happy to tell you that they look deeper than bug-trackers and vulnerability lists, and try to get a bit more information about what makes a browser secure or vulnerable to threats?both current and in the future. Part of that effort led the researchers to examine how each browser performed when an intruder already had access a machine with each browser installed, and how much information they could obtain.
Accuvant researchers determined that Google Chrome had the most new and effective security features aimed at protecting users from malicious code and scripts embedded in web pages, or automatically downloaded and executed as part of the sites they visit. They examined three major areas:
In all three areas, Chrome came out on top. The researchers tied Chrome with Internet Explorer in Sandboxing and JIT Hardening, but point out that Chrome was just a bit better in both areas. In all three areas, Firefox got the lowest marks. In other areas however, all three browsers tied, and in one area at least, URL Blacklisting, all three browsers got poor marks, although the researchers again pointed out that Chrome did better than the other two?just that none of them did blacklisting very well.
Ultimately, Accuvant's researchers gave Chrome the top spot, with Internet Explorer right behind it. They pointed to Google's ability to build Chrome from the ground up, from scratch, without having to deal with legacy code or shoehorn in older capabilities the way Microsoft and Mozilla have with Internet Explorer and Firefox. Essentially, according to the research team, Chrome is the most secure because Google was able to write it with a fresh perspective and security in mind, without baggage to bring along.
Mozilla's Director of Firefox Development, Johnathan Nightingale, responded to the study in in an article at Forbes, and said "Firefox includes a broad array of technologies to eliminate or reduce security threats, from platform level features like address space randomization to internal systems like our layout frame poisoning system. Sandboxing is a useful addition to that toolbox that we are investigating, but no technology is a silver bullet. We invest in security throughout the development process with internal and external code reviews, constant testing and analysis of running code, and rapid response to security issues when they emerge. We're proud of our reputation on security, and it remains a central priority for Firefox."
Similarly, Microsoft pointed to a study by NSS Labs that showed Internet Explorer dominating all of its rivals?including Firefox and Chrome?at protecting user systems from malware. However, just as the Accuvant study was sponsored and commissioned by Google, NSS Labs' studies are often paid for by Microsoft, so there's plenty of skepticism to go around.
Accuvant is a well-respected security and research firm, and they've gone to great lengths to make not only the full text of the study available, but also the tools used and the supporting data behind the study in case other researchers want to examine their findings.
Google and Accuvant both explained that even though they commissioned the study, they knew that if the results were in their favor, that fact would cast doubt on the merits of the result. Accuvant explained in an article at Ars Technica that Google gave them more than a wide berth to do the research, and insisted that the study be an impartial look at the state of browser security. Accuvant, for its part, has also put its reputation on the line, stating the study is representative of their company and its quality of work, and they stand behind it.
Whether Google was so open about the study being independant because they knew the testing methodology and the fact that their codebase put them at an advantage is another story, but as of now, no one's criticising Accuvant's results or methodology. The real question however, is how much should you or I care?
In the end, the study is important, but the real lynch-pin of browser security is?and always has been?the user behind the keyboard. Chrome may be on top now, but Microsoft and Mozilla will make changes to address as a result of the findings. Accuvant's methodology assumes your system is compromised, and also assumes that you have no other protection besides the browser's own security features to protect you, both of which aren't likely true for most users. In the interim, this study will wind up being used as cannon fodder in the browser wars, with one browser's fans firing it at another's without ever bothering to read it.
For the most part, browser security is a matter of user responsibility. Make sure you surf responsibly, and use SSL whenever possible. Don't accept, run, or even download anything if you're not sure what it is or why you were prompted to download a file, and only keep the extensions and add-ons running that you need on a daily basis.
Firefox users can use extensions like HTTPS Everywhere to browse securely whenever a secure session is available and on services that allow you to turn on SSL, and use an extension like NoScript to stop malicious JavaScript in its tracks. Chrome users can get similar functionality with add-ons like NotScript or ScriptNo, which do very similar things. In the end, browser security features only go so far to protect you, and as long as you take a cautious, skeptical, security focused approach to surfing, it likely won't matter which browser you use.
What do you think of the study's findings? More ammunition for the browser wars, or does it actually set Chrome apart or Firefox below? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/k0LCjbdJz0A/whats-the-most-secure-web-browser
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A member of the pro-Kremlin youth movement Stal (Steel) wearing a Darth Vader mask participates in a rally in downtown Moscow, Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said Tuesday he's satisfied with the performance of his party in Russia's parliamentary election even though it lost a significant number of seats, adding that a drop in support is "inevitable" for any ruling party. The statement came as U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton again criticized the election. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev)
A member of the pro-Kremlin youth movement Stal (Steel) wearing a Darth Vader mask participates in a rally in downtown Moscow, Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said Tuesday he's satisfied with the performance of his party in Russia's parliamentary election even though it lost a significant number of seats, adding that a drop in support is "inevitable" for any ruling party. The statement came as U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton again criticized the election. (AP Photo/Sergey Ponomarev)
Russian police block a road to prevent opposition rallies against Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and his party, which won the largest share of a parliamentary election, as the monument of the heroes of the Revolution of 1905 is seen in the background, in downtown Moscow, Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011. Security forces beefed up their presence across the capital Tuesday in apparent anticipation of more protests. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko)
Russian police gather to prevent an opposition rally against Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and his party, which won the largest share of a parliamentary election in downtown Moscow, Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011. Security forces beefed up their presence across the capital Tuesday in an apparent anticipation of more protests. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko)
Opposition leader Ilya Yashin is escorted by police from a court in Moscow, Russia, Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011. Yashin was sentenced Tuesday to a 15-day arrest for disobeying police after he was detained Monday along with some 300 protesters who rallied against what they called vote rigging during Sunday's parliamentary election. (AP Photo/Mikhail Metzel)
Red lights of police cars are reflected on the wet asphalt where police officers block the road after a political rally in downtown Moscow, Monday, Dec. 5, 2011. Several thousand people have protested in Moscow against Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and his party, which won the largest share of a parliamentary election that observers said was rigged. A group of several hundred then marched toward the Central Elections Commission near the Kremlin, but were stopped by riot police and taken away in buses. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko)
MOSCOW (AP) ? Police clashed with demonstrators protesting vote fraud in Moscow and at least two other major Russian cities Tuesday, as anger boiled over against Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and his ruling United Russia party.
At least 250 people were detained by police at a protest in downtown Moscow, where flare-type fireworks were thrown at a group of pro-Kremlin youth, said city police spokesman Maxim Kolosvetov.
Russian news agencies reported about 200 were arrested at a similar attempt to hold an unsanctioned rally in St. Petersburg and another 25 protesters were arrested in the southern city of Rostov-on-Don.
It was the second consecutive night of large protests in Moscow and St. Petersburg, an unusually sustained show of indignation that came after widespread reports of vote fraud in Sunday's parliamentary election. Russian police routinely crack down hard on unauthorized rallies and protesters generally take time to regroup for a new attempt.
According to preliminary results,Putin's dominant United Russia party lost a large share of the seats it had held in the State Duma but still kept a majority of seats.
Opponents say even that reduced presence came because of vote fraud. Local and international election observers reported widespread ballot-stuffing and irregularities in the vote count.
The protesters appear to be both angered by the reported fraud and energized by the vote's show of declining support for Putin and his party, which have strongly overshadowed all other political forces in Russia for a dozen years.
But pro-Kremlin supporters also put on two large rallies in Moscow, attracting thousands and showing vehement divisions in Russian society.
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) ? U.S. personnel have taken steps to evacuate a remote airfield in Pakistan that had been used for staging classified drone flights directed against militants, U.S. and Pakistani sources said on Monday.
Following a NATO airstrike last month during which 24 Pakistani troops were killed accidentally, Pakistan ordered U.S. personnel to vacate the airfield at Shamsi in its Baluchistan region by December 11.
After receiving this ultimatum - which initially was transmitted to the Obama administration in the form of a press release - the United States began preparing for a possible move of American personnel out of the facility.
On Monday, a Pakistani military official, who requested anonymity because he is not authorized to speak to the media, told Reuters: "There is some activity happening at the base because of the deadline given to the Americans. They are moving some equipment and vacating personnel."
Two other sources close to the Pakistani and American governments confirmed that U.S. personnel had begun marshaling personnel and equipment to be moved out of the base in the event the Pakistanis do not relent on their demand.
"We're not going to comment specifically on Shamsi but we will comply with the Pakistani requests," Pentagon press secretary George Little said on Monday.
The Pakistani airbase had been used by U.S. forces, including the CIA, to stage elements of a clandestine U.S. counter-terrorism operation to attack suspected encampments of militants associated with al Qaeda, the Taliban and Pakistan's home-grown Haqqani network, using unmanned drone aircraft armed with missiles.
President Barack Obama stepped up the drone campaign after he took office. U.S. officials say it has produced major successes in decimating the central leadership of al Qaeda and putting associated militant groups on the defensive.
Pakistani authorities started threatening U.S. personnel with eviction from the Shamsi base in the wake of the raid last May in which U.S. commandos killed Osama bin Laden at his hide-out near Islamabad without notifying Pakistani officials in advance.
In an attempt to mollify the Pakistanis, U.S. authorities began limiting drone flights from the base to nonlethal surveillance flights. But in the wake of the latest deadly NATO air strike, Pakistani authorities renewed and stepped up pressure on the U.S. to vacate the base entirely.
Obama on Sunday called Pakistan's President Asif Ali Zardari to offer condolences over a NATO airstrike that killed the 24 Pakistani troops and provoked a crisis in relations between the two countries.
(Reporting by Mark Hosenball in Washington and Gul Yusufzai and Asim Tanveer in Pakistan; editing by Anthony Boadle)
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